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Ingredient file // Vitamin or mineral

Menadione Sodium Bisulfite Complex

A measured vitamin K addition with limits

Menadione sodium bisulfite complex is a manufactured powder added through a vitamin premix. It supplies vitamin K activity for normal blood clotting. The amount in food is nutritional, and the ingredient offers no proven extra benefit for a healthy dog.

What it is
A powder containing a menadione bisulfite compound and extra bisulfite, used to add vitamin K activity.
Made from
Synthesized menadione and sodium bisulfite
Main job
Vitamin K for clotting
Typical amount
Usually 3 to 5 mg per kg of dry dog food
Watch for
It cannot treat rat poison exposure
Not the same as
Vitamin K1

Straight answer

Is Menadione Sodium Bisulfite Complex safe for dogs?

Read it as a small vitamin addition

Expect this name among the vitamins near the end of the list. Check the food's complete-and-balanced statement and judge its main ingredients separately. The complex has a practical nutritional job. Its presence gives no reason to expect stronger joints or protection after rat poison exposure.

Why it is in the food
Vitamin K for clotting

Our read // In our catalog

In 1 of every 14 foods we track

Share of foods that list it

7%

230 of the 3,205 foods with an ingredient list on file, from 17 brands. 177 dry dog food, 52 wet dog food, 1 dog food topper.

Each square is 1% of the catalog

Where it sits on the label

Median position 21. In the top five of 0 foods, so it is usually a minor ingredient.

Top five List position, heaviest first

Above the salt

5%

Usually listed after the salt, which caps it at roughly 1% of the recipe in 95% of foods.

Price per lb

Foods with it $2.40
All foods $3.25

Median of the cheapest bag price across 146 priced foods, 26% below the catalog. The price is the food's, not the ingredient's.

Who leans on it

49%

of the foods that list it are from Purina. 17 brands use it in total.

What it is

How it is made

Feed-vitamin manufacturers synthesize menadione for animal diets. They combine it with bisulfite to make a powder suited to premixes. This is a manufactured feed additive, rather than a leftover from food processing.5,6,7

  1. 01 // Source Chemical starting material A common synthesis route starts with 2-methylnaphthalene, a chemical feedstock for menadione.
  2. 02 // Process Make menadione The starting material is oxidized to produce the menadione that supplies vitamin K activity.
  3. 03 // Process Add bisulfite Menadione is combined with sodium bisulfite; extra bisulfite helps stabilize the feed ingredient.
  4. 04 // Output Premix powder The powder is supplied to feed makers for measured addition through a vitamin premix.

What is in it

Composition, as fed

33

% menadione

The supplier's minimum assay for menadione in the powder as sold. This is a specification floor, not a measured batch average.

Menadione, minimum 33%6
Menadione sodium bisulfite, minimum 63%6
Sodium bisulfite, maximum 37%6
Water, maximum 13%6

Each row gives one supplier's specification limit for powder as sold, not a measured range or dry matter result. Menadione is contained within the bisulfite compound, so these assays overlap and must not be added together.6

Why it is in the bag

What the manufacturer gets

  1. 01

    Supplies vitamin K

    Formulators add a measured source of vitamin K activity to support production of the blood-clotting proteins that depend on this nutrient.3,4

  2. 02

    Fits a premix

    The supplier sells the powder for premixes. Blending a small addition into a larger vitamin mix makes it practical to distribute through a batch of feed.6

  3. 03

    Works at feed scale

    Menadione is synthesized for commercial animal feed, giving manufacturers a standardized ingredient they can buy and measure across large production runs.5,6

How much An industry survey reported typical use of 3 to 5 mg of this complex per kg of dry dog food.3

Our read // The claims

What the evidence supports

Strong: controlled studies in dogs agree. Some: small or mixed dog data. Thin: mechanism or lab work only. None: nothing, or the evidence points the other way.

  1. Brands say

    Supplies vitamin K for normal blood clotting

    Evidence

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None

    FDA identifies 4 clotting proteins that require vitamin K, and an AAFCO panel judged this complex a suitable vitamin K source. That supports meeting a nutritional need; it does not show faster clotting in an adequately fed dog.3,4

  2. Brands say

    Strengthens a dog's bones and joints

    Outruns the evidence

    Evidence

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None

    Vitamin K is involved in the bone protein osteocalcin, and a review describes bone findings in chickens. It cites no controlled dog trial showing that this complex strengthens bones or improves joints at food amounts.2,4

  3. Critics say

    Causes anemia at ordinary dog-food amounts

    Outruns the evidence

    Evidence

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None

    An AAFCO review reports no adverse effects in 2 dogs given oral menadione for 73 days at a dose above nutritional use. That small, older study cannot show lifelong safety, but evidence of anemia at ordinary food amounts is lacking.3

  4. Owners say

    Protects a dog that ate rat poison

    Outruns the evidence

    Evidence

    1. Strong
    2. Some
    3. Thin
    4. None

    In a 4-dog case series, veterinary treatment with vitamin K1 corrected clotting tests after anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning. Poison specialists explicitly reject menadione in food as a substitute. Other kinds of rat poison require different treatment.1,8,9

Straight answers

What owners ask

  1. Q01

    Is it just filler?

    No

    It is added in milligrams to supply vitamin K activity, not to add bulk, protein or energy. A place near the end of the ingredient list is expected for this kind of vitamin addition.3,6

  2. Q02

    Is it the same as vitamin K1?

    No

    Vitamin K1 is used to treat anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning. This ingredient supplies menadione activity in food. The forms share a nutritional role, but food containing the complex cannot replace veterinary treatment.4,8,9

  3. Q03

    Is it allowed in dog food?

    Qualified use

    FDA acknowledges its use in pet food, while its published prior sanction specifically covers poultry feed. An AAFCO expert panel recommended its use in food for all animals under good manufacturing and feeding practices.3,4

Who uses it

Brands, best sellers and the company it keeps

Top brands, by foods that list it

  1. Purina 112 / 186
  2. Merrick 34 / 107
  3. Hill's 17 / 117
  4. Nulo 15 / 117
  5. Nature's Recipe 14 / 24
  6. Royal Canin 13 / 161
  7. Edgard & Cooper 5 / 11
  8. Canidae 4 / 35
  9. Jinx 3 / 21
  10. Natural Balance 3 / 48

Foods that list it / all the brand's recipes we track.

Plus 7 more brands.

Amazon best sellers that list it

  1. #2 Purina One SmartBlend Adult Dog Lamb & Rice Formula Dry Dog Food
  2. #3 Purina Pro Plan Adult Complete Essentials Shredded Blend Chicken & Rice Formula Dry Dog Food
  3. #9 Purina Pro Plan Adult Sensitive Skin & Stomach Salmon & Rice Formula Dry Dog Food
  4. #15 Purina One True Instinct with a Blend of Real Turkey & Venison Dry Dog Food
  5. #20 Purina Pro Plan Adult Small Breed Shredded Blend Chicken & Rice Formula Dry Dog Food
  6. #23 Purina Pro Plan Adult Sensitive Skin & Stomach Small Breed Formula Dry Dog Food
  7. #26 Purina Pro Plan Puppy Chicken & Rice Formula Dry Dog Food
  8. #28 Nature’s Recipe Grain-Free Easy to Digest Salmon, Sweet Potato, & Pumpkin Recipe Dry Dog Food

Rank on Amazon's dog food best seller list, checked October 2026.

Usually listed with, share of the foods that list it

  1. Mixed Tocopherols 55%
  2. Chicken 46%
  3. Natural Flavor 42%
  4. Beef Fat 40%
  5. Rice 40%
  6. Whole Grain Corn 33%
  7. Whole Grain Wheat 28%
  8. Soybean Meal 27%
  9. Chicken Meal 27%
  10. Barley 26%
  11. Salmon 22%
  12. Corn Protein Meal 20%

On the shelf

Foods that list Menadione Sodium Bisulfite Complex

230 foods in our catalog list it. These 60 list it highest on the label.

Dave’s Pet Food Bland Diet Pouches Dave’s Bland Duck & Pumpkin Pouch Recipe for Dogs / 10 Pack - Pou Wet Dog FoodDave's Pet FoodDave’s Pet Food Bland Diet Pouches Dave’s Bland Duck & Pumpkin Pouch Recipe for Dogs / 10 Pack - Pou Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 10 on the labelRoyal Canin Veterinary Selected Protein PW Moderate Calorie Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodRoyal CaninRoyal Canin Veterinary Selected Protein PW Moderate Calorie Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 10 on the labelNature’s Recipe Healthy Skin Vegetarian Recipe Dry Dog FoodNature's RecipeNature’s Recipe Healthy Skin Vegetarian Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 10 on the labelDave’s Pet Food Dave’s Bland Beef & Rice Pouch Recipe for Dogs / 10 Pack - Pouche Wet Dog FoodDave's Pet FoodDave’s Pet Food Dave’s Bland Beef & Rice Pouch Recipe for Dogs / 10 Pack - Pouche Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 11 on the labelNature’s Recipe Original Adult Chicken Meal & Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodNature's RecipeNature’s Recipe Original Adult Chicken Meal & Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 11 on the labelPurina Pro Plan Sport Puppy High Protein Beef & Rice Entrée Classic Wet Dog FoodPurinaPurina Pro Plan Sport Puppy High Protein Beef & Rice Entrée Classic Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 12 on the labelRoyal Canin Veterinary Selected Protein PW Large Breed Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodRoyal CaninRoyal Canin Veterinary Selected Protein PW Large Breed Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 12 on the labelHill’s Adult Chicken & Barley Entrée Wet Dog FoodHill'sHill’s Adult Chicken & Barley Entrée Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 14 on the labelPurina Beyond Simply Farm-Raised Chicken & Whole Barley Recipe Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Beyond Simply Farm-Raised Chicken & Whole Barley Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 14 on the labelPurina Beyond Simply Pasture-Raised Lamb & Whole Barley Recipe Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Beyond Simply Pasture-Raised Lamb & Whole Barley Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 14 on the labelHill’s Hill’s Science Diet Adult Salmon & Barley Entrée Wet Dog FoodHill'sHill’s Hill’s Science Diet Adult Salmon & Barley Entrée Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 15 on the labelPurina Alpo Come & Get It! Cookout Classics Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Alpo Come & Get It! Cookout Classics Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 15 on the label
Show 48 more
Nature’s Recipe Easy to Digest Chicken Meal, Rice, & Barley Recipe Dry Dog FoodNature's RecipeNature’s Recipe Easy to Digest Chicken Meal, Rice, & Barley Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 12 on the labelNature’s Recipe Original Small Bites Chicken Meal & Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodNature's RecipeNature’s Recipe Original Small Bites Chicken Meal & Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 12 on the labelNature’s Recipe Original Senior Lamb Meal & Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodNature's RecipeNature’s Recipe Original Senior Lamb Meal & Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 12 on the labelRoyal Canin Veterinary Selected Protein PW Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodRoyal CaninRoyal Canin Veterinary Selected Protein PW Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 13 on the labelRoyal Canin Veterinary Hydrolyzed Protein PS Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodRoyal CaninRoyal Canin Veterinary Hydrolyzed Protein PS Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 13 on the labelNature’s Recipe Original Adult Lamb Meal & Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodNature's RecipeNature’s Recipe Original Adult Lamb Meal & Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 13 on the labelRoyal Canin Veterinary Skin Support Dry Dog FoodRoyal CaninRoyal Canin Veterinary Skin Support Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 14 on the labelNatural Balance L.I.D. Limited Ingredient Diets Grain-Free Salmon & Sweet Potato Dry Dog FoodNatural BalanceNatural Balance L.I.D. Limited Ingredient Diets Grain-Free Salmon & Sweet Potato Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 16 on the labelPurina One SmartBlend Sensitive Systems Formula Adult Premium Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina One SmartBlend Sensitive Systems Formula Adult Premium Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 16 on the labelPurina Pro Plan All Ages Sport Performance 30/20 Chicken & Rice Formula Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Pro Plan All Ages Sport Performance 30/20 Chicken & Rice Formula Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 16 on the labelPurina Pro Plan Adult Small Breed Chicken & Rice Formula Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Pro Plan Adult Small Breed Chicken & Rice Formula Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 16 on the labelHill’s Prescription Diet i/d Puppy Turkey Digestive Care Wet Dog FoodHill'sHill’s Prescription Diet i/d Puppy Turkey Digestive Care Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 16 on the labelPurina ONE Skin and Coat Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina ONE Skin and Coat Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 16 on the labelHill’s Science Diet Puppy Small & Mini Beef & Barley Entrée Wet Dog FoodHill'sHill’s Science Diet Puppy Small & Mini Beef & Barley Entrée Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 16 on the labelHill’s Science Diet Adult Perfect Digestion Small & Mini Chicken & Vegetables Entrée Wet Dog FoodHill'sHill’s Science Diet Adult Perfect Digestion Small & Mini Chicken & Vegetables Entrée Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 16 on the labelPurina Dog Chow High Protein Real Chicken Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Dog Chow High Protein Real Chicken Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 16 on the labelRoyal Canin Dalmatian Adult Dry Dog FoodRoyal CaninRoyal Canin Dalmatian Adult Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 16 on the labelPurina Dog Chow High Protein with Real Lamb Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Dog Chow High Protein with Real Lamb Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 16 on the labelPurina Beyond Simply Small Dog White Meat Chicken & Egg Recipe Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Beyond Simply Small Dog White Meat Chicken & Egg Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 16 on the labelNature’s Recipe Grain-Free Easy to Digest Chicken, Sweet Potato, & Pumpkin Recipe Dry Dog FoodNature's RecipeNature’s Recipe Grain-Free Easy to Digest Chicken, Sweet Potato, & Pumpkin Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 16 on the labelNatural Balance L.I.D. Limited Ingredient Diets Grain-Free Salmon & Sweet Potato Small Breed Bites Dry Dog FoodNatural BalanceNatural Balance L.I.D. Limited Ingredient Diets Grain-Free Salmon & Sweet Potato Small Breed Bites Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 16 on the labelPurina One True Instinct with a Blend of Real Turkey & Venison Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina One True Instinct with a Blend of Real Turkey & Venison Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 17 on the labelPurina Pro Plan Adult Sensitive Skin & Stomach Large Breed Formula Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Pro Plan Adult Sensitive Skin & Stomach Large Breed Formula Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 17 on the labelNature’s Recipe Small Breed Grain-Free Easy to Digest Chicken, Sweet Potato, & Pumpkin Recipe Dry Dog FoodNature's RecipeNature’s Recipe Small Breed Grain-Free Easy to Digest Chicken, Sweet Potato, & Pumpkin Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 17 on the labelHill’s Puppy Chicken & Barley Entrée Wet Dog FoodHill'sHill’s Puppy Chicken & Barley Entrée Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 17 on the labelPurina Pro Plan Sensitive Skin & Stomach Salmon & Rice Entrée Classic Wet Dog FoodPurinaPurina Pro Plan Sensitive Skin & Stomach Salmon & Rice Entrée Classic Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 17 on the labelPurina One True Instinct High Protein with Real Chicken & Duck Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina One True Instinct High Protein with Real Chicken & Duck Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 17 on the labelPurina Dog Chow Natural Plus Vitamins & Minerals Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Dog Chow Natural Plus Vitamins & Minerals Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 17 on the labelMerrick Limited Ingredient Diet Grain-Free Real Salmon & Sweet Potato Recipe Dry Dog FoodMerrickMerrick Limited Ingredient Diet Grain-Free Real Salmon & Sweet Potato Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 17 on the labelMerrick Limited Ingredient Diet Grain-Free Real Lamb & Sweet Potato Recipe Dry Dog FoodMerrickMerrick Limited Ingredient Diet Grain-Free Real Lamb & Sweet Potato Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 17 on the labelMerrick Limited Ingredient Diet Grain-Free Real Chicken & Sweet Potato Recipe Dry Dog FoodMerrickMerrick Limited Ingredient Diet Grain-Free Real Chicken & Sweet Potato Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 17 on the labelPurina Pro Plan Adult Sensitive Skin & Stomach Salmon & Rice Formula Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Pro Plan Adult Sensitive Skin & Stomach Salmon & Rice Formula Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 18 on the labelPurina Pro Plan Adult Sensitive Skin & Stomach Small Breed Formula Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Pro Plan Adult Sensitive Skin & Stomach Small Breed Formula Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 18 on the labelNature’s Recipe Grain-Free Easy to Digest Salmon, Sweet Potato, & Pumpkin Recipe Dry Dog FoodNature's RecipeNature’s Recipe Grain-Free Easy to Digest Salmon, Sweet Potato, & Pumpkin Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 18 on the labelJinx Grain-Free Beef Paté Wet Dog FoodJinxJinx Grain-Free Beef Paté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 18 on the labelJinx Grain-Free Chicken Pâté Wet Dog FoodJinxJinx Grain-Free Chicken Pâté Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 18 on the labelNutriSource Trout & Rice Wet Dog FoodNutriSourceNutriSource Trout & Rice Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 18 on the labelPurina Pro Plan Sensitive Skin & Stomach Beef & Oat Meal Entrée Classic Wet Dog FoodPurinaPurina Pro Plan Sensitive Skin & Stomach Beef & Oat Meal Entrée Classic Wet Dog FoodWet // No. 18 on the labelPurina Pro Plan Puppy Sport 30/20 Chicken Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Pro Plan Puppy Sport 30/20 Chicken Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 18 on the labelHill’s Science Diet Adult Sensitive Stomach & Skin Salmon & Brown Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodHill'sHill’s Science Diet Adult Sensitive Stomach & Skin Salmon & Brown Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 18 on the labelRoyal Canin Veterinary Hepatic Dry Dog FoodRoyal CaninRoyal Canin Veterinary Hepatic Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 18 on the labelPurina Pro Plan All Ages Sport Performance 30/20 Beef & Rice Formula Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Pro Plan All Ages Sport Performance 30/20 Beef & Rice Formula Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 18 on the labelPurina Dog Chow Tender & Crunchy Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Dog Chow Tender & Crunchy Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 18 on the labelPurina Dog Chow Complete Adult with Real Chicken Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Dog Chow Complete Adult with Real Chicken Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 18 on the labelPurina Dog Chow Complete Adult with Real Beef Dry Dog FoodPurinaPurina Dog Chow Complete Adult with Real Beef Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 18 on the labelNature’s Recipe Large Breed Grain-Free Easy to Digest Chicken, Sweet Potato, & Pumpkin Recipe Dry Dog FoodNature's RecipeNature’s Recipe Large Breed Grain-Free Easy to Digest Chicken, Sweet Potato, & Pumpkin Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 18 on the labelNature’s Recipe Prime Blends Salmon, Barley & Chicken Recipe Dry Dog FoodNature's RecipeNature’s Recipe Prime Blends Salmon, Barley & Chicken Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 18 on the labelNature’s Recipe Prime Blends Grain-Free Chicken, Turkey, and Butternut Squash Recipe Dry Dog FoodNature's RecipeNature’s Recipe Prime Blends Grain-Free Chicken, Turkey, and Butternut Squash Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // No. 18 on the label

Leaving it out

Foods without menadione

For owners who skip menadione: popular dry foods priced like the ones that list it ($1.68 to $3.36 per lb), with no menadione on the label.

Blue Life Protection Formula Adult Chicken and Brown Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodBlueBlue Life Protection Formula Adult Chicken and Brown Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // $2.21 per lbBlue Life Protection Formula Adult Small Breed Chicken and Brown Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodBlueBlue Life Protection Formula Adult Small Breed Chicken and Brown Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // $2.93 per lbHill’s Science Diet Adult Sensitive Stomach & Skin Chicken Recipe Dry Dog FoodHill'sHill’s Science Diet Adult Sensitive Stomach & Skin Chicken Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // $2.92 per lbHill’s Science Diet Adult 1-6 Small Bites Chicken & Barley Recipe Dry Dog FoodHill'sHill’s Science Diet Adult 1-6 Small Bites Chicken & Barley Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // $2.33 per lbTaste of the Wild High Prairie Canine Recipe with Roasted Bison & Roasted Venison Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodTaste of the WildTaste of the Wild High Prairie Canine Recipe with Roasted Bison & Roasted Venison Grain-Free Dry Dog FoodDry // $2.11 per lbRoyal Canin Small Adult Dry Dog FoodRoyal CaninRoyal Canin Small Adult Dry Dog FoodDry // $3.33 per lbWellness Complete Health Deboned Chicken & Oatmeal Dry Dog FoodWellnessWellness Complete Health Deboned Chicken & Oatmeal Dry Dog FoodDry // $1.96 per lbNutro Natural Choice Adult Chicken & Brown Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodNutroNutro Natural Choice Adult Chicken & Brown Rice Recipe Dry Dog FoodDry // $2.50 per lb

Checked against the ingredient list we store for each food. Labels change, so read the bag before you buy.

Sources

What we read

Checked October 1, 2026.

  1. 1 Intravenous vitamin K1 normalises prothrombin time in 1 hour in dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis Australian Veterinary Journal, 2020 // Journal
  2. 2 Beyond the Coagulation Cascade: Vitamin K and Its Multifaceted Impact on Human and Domesticated Animal Health Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 2024 // Journal
  3. 3 Recommendations for Use of Menadione Sodium Bisulfite Complex (MSBC) in Animal Feed AAFCO, n.d. // Regulator
  4. 4 Vitamin K Substances and Animal Feed U.S. Food and Drug Administration, n.d. // Government
  5. 5 2024 Limited Scope Technical Evaluation Report: Vitamins, Livestock USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, 2024 // Government
  6. 6 MSBC Menadione Sodium Bisulfite Complex Oxyvit, n.d. // Industry
  7. 7 Animal feed composition United States Patent Office, 1970 // Industry
  8. 8 Vitamin K Deficiency Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, n.d. // University
  9. 9 Rodenticide Refresher for Veterinary Professionals Pet Poison Helpline, 2019 // Nonprofit
An ingredient on its own tells you very little. What matters is how much of it there is and where it sits in the list. That is why we weigh the top five rather than reacting to any single name further down. Back to the wiki

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